Empress in RTLinux Environment

Introduction

Empress RDBMS have many characteristics which makes it an excellent fit for real-time systems, such as: small footprint, fast performance, near zero maintenance, fast learning curve, ease of integration, rapid application development, etc.. In RTLinux environment Empress RDBMS is used as a full blown Linux implementation. Hence, it will give all the benefits of Linux features to real-time application developers.

What is RTLinux?

RTLinux is a hard real-time operating system that runs real-time tasks as threads (i.e. real-time applications written using RTLinux API) and a Linux operating system as its lowest priority execution thread. All the operations/processes which Linux itself runs are non-real time and hidden in a way from RTLinux. Developers of RTLinux made it possible that real-time threads and interrupt handlers are never delayed by non-real-time operations.

Real-time tasks in RTLinux can communicate with Linux processes via shared memory or a file-like interface (FIFO). Thus, real-time applications can make use of all the powerful, non-real-time services of Linux, such as Empress RDBMS.

Real-time tasks can be developed using a number of API calls (about 50), such as:


rtl_hard_disable_irq
rtl_hard_enable_irq
rtl_no_interrupts
rtl_request_irq
rtl_restore_interrupts
rtl_setclockmode
rtl_stop_interrupts
...

"RT-Linux is simple, providing only a bare minimum of functionality necessary for implementing a real-time system. But this simplicity is to the system designer's benefit. You want to implement the bulk of the application in Linux processes because Linux itself is solid, stable, and popular with a lot of desktop users-so you know you can get help if you have trouble. Real-time tasks should have only the functionality necessary to perform real-time I/O and pass data to and from the Linux processes. The simplicity of RT-Linux has two advantages: first, its very simplicity makes it less likely that it will be buggy; and second, if you do find a bug, it's likely to be easy to find and fix. These factors are important. Because real-time systems are a minuscule portion of Linux applications, the amount of help you can find for developing code using RT-Linux is certain to be low. So a feature-rich RT-Linux is not necessarily something to be desired. The functionality now implemented is also sufficient for the vast majority of real-time systems if properly used"[2].

Empress in RTLinux Environment

Empress Software follows the basic idea on how the applications should be run on RTLinux. Empress application will run as Linux application and communicate with real-time tasks via FIFO or shared memory. Figure 1. shows possible scenarios for Empress applications in order to communicate with real-time tasks.

**Figure 1.** *Empress in RTLinux Environment*

Application developers can use any Empress C application interface (e.g. mr, mx, Embedded Static or Dynamic SQL, ODBC) to build an application which will communicate with hard real-time tasks.

The idea behind RTLinux is to build Empress Linux applications in Linux environment and build simple hard real-time tasks using RTLinux API calls.

Figure 2 shows an example based on RTLinux scheduling accuracy measuring example (created by Michael Barabanov - part of RTLinux package).

**Figure 2.** *Scheduling Accuracy Example*

The example consists of three components:

rt_process: real-time task which generates real-time data.
- gathers min_diff and max_diff.
  - min_diff: is the minimum real-time task latency (how much time a task ran late) in nanoseconds during a measurement cycle.
  - max_diff: is the maximum real-time task latency. The jitter is a difference (max_diff -min_diff).
- writes real-time data onto FIFO
collector : user process for database insertion (Empress "mr" application)
- reads real-time data from FIFO
- writes data into the database
monitor : user process to monitor real-time data in the database (Empress "mr" application)
- shows a recent 20 records from the database
- navigates with the "Page Up" and the "Page Down" key
- saves the database into the floppy diskette
- toggles the automatic display of real-time data by "Home" key

Empress Software Inc. has the above demo available on its FTP site.

This example shows a possible way to integrate Empress application with real-time tasks. It could be used as a template for more generic "data streaming" situation. For example, a typical case would be a real-time data acquisition task which monitors/gathers data from instruments/gages/sensors.

References

[1] Michael Barabanov, Victor Yodaiken: "Real Time Linux", Linux Journal, February 1997.

[2] Jerry Epplin: "Linux as an Embedded Operating System", Embedded Systems Programming.
www.embedded.com

[3] The RTLinux.com page.